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Benham-class destroyer
The ''Benham'' class of ten destroyers was built for the United States Navy. They were part of a series of USN destroyers limited to 1,500 tons standard displacement by the London Naval Treaty and built in the 1930s.〔(Comparison of 1500-ton classes ) at (Destroyer History Foundation )〕 The class was laid down in 1936-1937 and all were commissioned in 1939. Much of their design was based on the immediately preceding ''Gridley''- and ''Bagley''-class destroyers. Like these classes, the ''Benham''s were notable for including sixteen 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes, the heaviest torpedo armament ever on US destroyers. They introduced a new high-pressure boiler that saved space and weight, as only three of the new boilers were required compared to four of the older designs.〔Friedman, pp. 90-91〕 The class served extensively in World War II in the Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Pacific theaters, including Neutrality Patrols in the Atlantic 1940-1941. ''Sterett'' received the United States Presidential Unit Citation for the Battle of Guadalcanal and the Battle of Vella Gulf,〔(USS ''Sterett'' Presidential Unit Citation ) at (Destroyer History Foundation )〕 and the Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation for her World War II service. Two of the class were lost during World War II, three would be scrapped in 1947, while the remaining five ships would be scuttled after being contaminated from the Operation Crossroads atomic bomb tests at Bikini Atoll in the Pacific.〔(''Behham''-class destroyers ) at (Destroyer History Foundation )〕
==Design==
The ten ''Benham''s were part of a series of three classes with similar characteristics laid down 1935-1937. The other two were the ''Gridley'' class (4 ships) and the ''Bagley'' class (8 ships). All three featured four 5 inch (127 mm) dual purpose guns (anti-surface and anti-aircraft) and sixteen 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes in four quadruple mounts as built, the largest number of torpedo tubes on any US destroyers.〔 Although all had only one stack, they differed primarily in their machinery. The ''Benham''s were a Gibbs & Cox design with a new high-pressure boiler design that allowed a reduction from four boilers to three, with an efficient turbine arrangement resembling the ''Mahan''s'. The ''Bagley''s were a Navy design that duplicated the machinery of the preceding long-range ''Mahan'' class; this led to their prominent boiler uptakes around the single stack that were their main recognition feature. The ''Gridley''s were designed by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Company with advanced high-pressure boilers (also built by Bethlehem) but turbines generally similar to the earlier ''Farragut'' class, which limited their range.〔〔〔Bauer and Roberts, p. 187〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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